Tradução

Rat = Rato        Mouse = Camundongo

Frag = Rã          Toads = Sapos

Pronuncia

Cowntry [Cãuntry] ??

5.1. Curiosidades

5.1.1. Many/Few X Much/Litle/Bit

+ Many (muitos – contáveis)                                    + Much (muito – incontável)

Eg:       Students                                                          Eg: Money

- Few   (poucos – contáveis)                                     – Litle/bit (pouco – incontavel)

Litle + Substantivo

Eg:       litle problem

Bit + Adjetivo

Eg:       bit tired

I was a bit fightened

(eu levei um peq susto)

5.1.2.                    Some/Any

Some affirmative: Algum(a), Alguns(mas)

I need some money.

I need some times to finish the work

We need some applets (plural)

*Exception some offer (oferta): Would you like some water? / … something to drink?

Woudn’t you like some water?

Any affirmative: Qualquer

Any negative: nenhum/nenhuma

I don’t have any time to help you.

Any interrogative: Algum/um pouco

Do you need any any milk?

Do you need any money?

Past                            Present                       Future

Was     (I)                    Am                              I’ll

Was     (He)                 Is                                 You’ll be

Were   (you)                are                               He’ll (will)

Past Contínuos          Present Continuos     Will/Goint to

I had written

Part perfect Present Perfet

I have written

Past Participe Present perfet continuos

Have/been/done           I have been writing

Written/Visited

5.1. Futuro

5.1.1.  Will#1   X  Goint go#1

Will: you decide at the time of speaking

Eg [ék]:Mark:  – Hey, let’s go to the gym!

Paul:     – Ok, I’ll go with you.

Neg: I will not (won’t) travel with you.

Gointo to: you have already decide and you’re just telling somebody.

Eg:       Jim:      – Where are you going, Paul?

Paul:     – I’m gointo to the gym with Mark.

5.1.2.  Will#2   X  Goint go#2

Will: when you are sure (arranged events)

Eg:       – The neat Olympics will be in China

- There will be na international meeting about science here.

Going to: plans, promises and prediction

Eg:       – What are you going to do on vacation?

- I think I’m going to Rio.

- You must study.

- I’m going to study after noon.

- She’s going to be a doctor in two months.

-Look at the sky! It’s going to rain.

5.2. Present Contínuos

Eg [ék]:            Aff.: I’m teaching english .

Neg: I’m not teaching english.

Int:  Am I teaching english?

5.2.1. Verbs

Read: Reading

Play: Playing

Ski: Skiing

Exception:

a) Verbs ending ‘E’                           b) Verbs ending CVC (consoante/vogal)*

Smile: Smiling                         Get: Getting

Dance:Dancing                                   Stop:Stopping

* Verbs ending CVC: se a silaba forte não esta no CVC não dobra a letra, mas no inglês britanico não possui essa regra, em todos os casos a letra dobra. Eg:

*Show: Showing *Pedal: Pedaling

*Travel: traveling

5.2.2.  Adjetivo

Interisting: Interessante             Reading: Leitura

Fishing: Pescaria ou pescando.

5.3. Modal Verbs

5.3.1. Shall / Should  X Must

Shall/Should: Usado para conselho (advice): devia/deveria.

Eg: You should study english.

He should see a doctor.

She shouldn’t dance a lot.

Should I do this homework?

Shouldn’t I go there?

Must: dever de obrigação (não passado)

Eg: Igual ao shoud

Contraction: must not = musn’t

5.3.2. Can / Could

5.4. Modificações dos verbos

5.4.1.  Have

Sentidor de ter (posse): I have a car.

Em expressão com ING: I´m having dinner now / I’m having a bath.

5.4.2. Think

Sentidor de “achar” (Eu acho):

Eg:          -I think Rolling Stones are great.

-I don’t think “fantástico” is a bad program.

-I think I’ll move to Europe.

Sentido de “pensar” (Eu penso que):

Eg:          -I’m thinking about moving to Europe.

5.5. Pronuncia

Present (to)              Passado

Catch                         Caught [Cót]

Buy                            Brought [ Bót]

Bring                          Brought [Bót]

Teach                         Taught [Tót]

Fight                          Fought [Fót]

*Terminação em GHT o GH não se pronuncia.

AM: (in the morning)

0:00 à 11:59

PM: (in the afternoon / at night)

12:00 à 23:59

Afternoon : 12:00 à 18:00

At night: 6:01 à 23:59

• O`Clock: horas inteiras

2:00       It´s two o`clock

• After hours

2:05 PM It´s two-five p.m.

It´s five past two p.m.

3:20 AM It´s three-twenty a.m.

It´s twenty past three a.m.

• Quarter/half (15/30 min)

1:15       It´s one-fifteen

It´s quarter past one

It´s quarter after one

11:45      It´s  eleven forty-five

It´s quarter to twelve (midday / midnight)

7:30       It´s seven-thirty

It´s half past seven

Obs:

0:00        midnight

12:00 am It´s twelve o`clock a.m.

12:00       midday

12:00 pm It´s twelve o`clock p.m.

Half na hour: meia hora (I’ll be there in half an hour)

An hour a half: uma hora e meia

Dozen: dúzia

Half-dozen: meia-dúzia

Night [nait]

Uso de preposições. Exemplo:

=> On Monday

=> On January / in january

=> On January 1st

=> In 2006

3.1.  Days of week

| Monday [mandei]

| Tuesday [tchusdei]

Weekday= Wednesday [uênesdei]

| Thursday [thãrsdei]

| Friday [fraidei]

Weekend | Saturday [sérurdei]

| Sunday [sandei]

3.2.  Month of the year

January

February

March [Marti]

April [Eipril]

May [mei]

June [diune]

July [julai]

August [ógust]

September [september]

October [óctôber]

November

December

3.3.  Years

2000 Two thousand [thausand]

2010 two thousand and tem

1982 nineteen eighty-tow

1530 fifteen thirty

1600 sixteen hundred

1702 seventeen “oh” seven

1492 fourteen ninety-two

1519 fifteen nineteen

* thousand = mil / milhar (3 zeros)

* hundred = cem / centene (2 zeros) -> 1600 sixteen hundred

3.4. Ordinal Number

1st – first [fãrsti]

2nd – second [sécond]

3rd – third [thard]

4th – ???

5th – fifth

9th – ninth

10th – tenth

11th – eleventh [ilevenfth]

12th – twlfth

13th – thirdteenth [tãrtinfth]

20th – twentieth [tchuentifth]

21st – twenty first

22nd – twenty second

30th – thirtieth [tãrtiefth]

40th – fortieth

Pronuncia:

Number / Ordinal

5     five       fifth

15 fifteen   fifteenth

50   fifty      fiftieth

[] = pronuncia

{} = exemplo de palavra

A pronuncia da letra T, é como a pronuncia do t para paranaense, como por exemplo a palavra tia (com a língua pra frente nos dentes). Assim segue para a letra D, G.

O ‘TH’ fica bem força com essa técnica.

1.2. Técnica

Além da pronuncia individual de cada letra do alfabeto, existe a pronunca diferente para cada letra em palavras diferentes. Por exemplo:

()=tradução

[]=Pronuncia

Vase         (vaso)         [veise]

Car                 (carro)       [car]

Can         (pode)       [kén]

Bad         (mal)         [béd]

Saw         (visto)       [só]

Letra A – Pronuncias diferentes:

A = car

É = bad, mad, sad, actor

EI= vase, make, made

O = tall, small

* Mas note que as palavras normalmente coincidem quando é a mesma pronuncia, a dica é qdo não souber a pronuncia correta, tente lembrar a pronuncia de uma palavra com a escrita parecida.

1.3. Dificuldade de pronuncia

Schedule [isquédul]

Betty botter bought some butter,

But, she said this butter’s bitter,

So she bought some better butter,

Now Betty Bothers’s butter’s better

1.4. Speaking the Contractions

You’ll   = [iu + uil = iul]

She’ll   = [chiu]

It’ll       = [itill]

We’ll    = [uill]

They’ll  = [deil]

I’ll        = [au]

He’ll     = [riu]

1.5.  Plural

Quase tudo é só acrescentear o ‘S’ no final.

Exceções 1:

S,X,Z,CH,SH = ES

Buses

Kisses

Boxes

Quizzes

Bushes

Watches

Y = IES

Story = stories

Secretary = secretaries

Lady = Ladies

Study = studies

F, FE = VES

Wife = wives

Life = lives

Leaf = leaves

*Palavras estrangeiras ????

1.5.1. Irregular Plural

Child = children

Person = persons (poucas pessoas); people (muitas pessoas)

Foot = feet

Tooth = teeth

Ox = oxen (boi)

Mouse = mice (camundongo);

Brother = brothers (family)

Brethren

Man [mén] (singular)

Men [mén] (plural)

Policeman => policemen

Fireman    => firemen

Woman [úúmen] (singular)

Women [uímen] (plural)

* Pronuncia UK x US

Man [man] x man [men]

Men [men] x men [men]

1.6. Familiares

Mother [máder]  & Father [fáder] = My Parents

*familiares = family

Sister (irmã); Daugter (irmãs);

Son (irmão); brothers (irmãos);

Children (crianças, filhos para qualquer idade)

1.7.  Climate (Clima/Tempo)

Weather(tempo)          Warm -> Hot -> Cool -> Cold

Seasons (estações)          Autumn -> Fall -> Winter -> Spring

Climate (clima) Dry (Seco) -> Wet

1. AbsoluteRadio (Inglaterra): http://www.absoluteradio.co.uk
2. Best Rock (Portugal): http://bestrock.clix.pt
3. Cidade Rock (Rio de Janeiro): http://www.cidadewebrock.com.br/
4. Virgin Radio (Itália): http://www.virginradio.it

POP/Dance

1. Frequence 3 (França): http://www.frequence3.fr (Sem comercial)
2. Jovem Pan (São Paulo): http://www.jovempanfm.com.br
3. Energy (San Francisco): http://www.energy927fm.com

Frequence 3 França frequence3.com

1. Request.ServerVariables["Path_info"].ToString(): Retorna o caminha atual ;
2. Eval(“COLUNA_SQL”): Utilizado para recuperar dados do SQL na GRID (databindings);
3. DataFormatString: Formatar valores na Grid; Exemplo: DataFormatString=”{0:C2}”: com duas casas decimais e {0:N2} com duas casas decimais e ‘R$’;
4. txCOD1.Attributes.Add(“onfocusin”, ” select();”);
5. txPRAZODESCTO.Attributes.Add(“OnKeyPress”, “javascript:return(MaskData(this))”);
6. txVALOR.Attributes.Add(“OnKeyPress”, “javascript:return(MaskMoeda(this))”);
7. style=”text-transform:uppercase”;

*MaskData e MaskMoeda: são funçõe já feitas para formatar Data e Moeda.

BEGIN

DECLARE CURSOR C IS
SELECT * from col where tname = :VTAB order by colno;

CURSOR CPK IS
SELECT * from col where COLNO = 1 AND tname = :VTAB ;

CURSOR CSPK IS
SELECT * from col where COLNO 1 AND tname = :VTAB ;

BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE _GRAVA_’||:VTAB||’ (‘);
FOR R IN CPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ P_’||RPAD(R.CNAME,33,’ ‘)||’IN OUT ‘||R.TNAME||’.'||R.CNAME||’%TYPE,’);
END LOOP;
FOR R IN CSPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ P_’||RPAD(R.CNAME,40,’ ‘)||R.TNAME||’.'||R.CNAME||’%TYPE,’);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ P_’||RPAD(‘USERNAME’,40,’ ‘)||’VARCHAR2′);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘) –PRIMARYKEY = IN OUT’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘IS’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ V_PEF_COD_REG ROGERIO.PEDCIR.PEF_COD_REG%TYPE;’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘BEGIN’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ SELECT PEF_COD INTO V_PEF_COD_REG FROM ROGERIO.USUARIOS_WEB WHERE USERNAME LIKE ”USU_”||P_USERNAME;’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
FOR R IN CPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ IF NVL(P_’||R.CNAME||’,0) = 0 THEN’);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
FOR R IN CPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ SELECT NVL(‘||R.CNAME||’,0)+1 INTO P_’||R.CNAME||’ FROM ‘||R.TNAME||’;');
END LOOP;
FOR R IN CPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ OR SELECT SEQ_’||R.TNAME||’.NEXTVAL INTO P_’||R.CNAME||’ FROM DUAL;’);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ INSERT INTO ‘||:VTAB);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ (‘);
FOR R IN C LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘||R.CNAME||’, ‘);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ )’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ VALUES’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ (‘);
FOR R IN C LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ P_’||R.CNAME||’, ‘);
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ );’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ELSE’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ UPDATE ‘||:VTAB);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ SET ‘);
FOR R IN CSPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘||RPAD(R.CNAME,20,’ ‘) || ‘ = P_’ || R.CNAME || ‘,’);
END LOOP;
FOR R IN CPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ WHERE ‘||RPAD(R.CNAME,18,’ ‘)||’ = P_’||R.CNAME||’;');
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘  ‘);
FOR R IN CPK LOOP
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ DELETE FROM ‘||:VTAB||’_ITENS WHERE ‘||RPAD(R.CNAME,20,’ ‘)||’ = P_’||R.CNAME||’;');
END LOOP;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ END IF;’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ COMMIT; ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘ ‘);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘END _GRAVA_’||:VTAB||’;');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘/’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘SHOW ERRORS;’);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(‘/’);
END;
END;

1. ALL_CONSTRAINTS: Utilizo-a para encontrar as FK e PK de uma table;
2. COL: Grande utilidade para encontrar tabelas, utilizando comandos como TNAME like ‘%ABC%’  para procurar pelo nome de uma tabela e CNAME like ‘%ABC%’ para procurar pelos campos da tabela. Exemplo: SELECT UNIQUE TNAME FROM COL WHERE CNAME LIKE ‘%COD%’;
3. ALL_SOURCE: Utiliza-a bastante para recuperar o texto de uma PROCEDURE/FUNCTION. Exemplo: SELECT UNIQUE TEXT FROM ALL_SOURCE WHERE NAME = ‘NOME_FUNCAO’;

Comandos que utilizo com frequencia em PROCEDURES/FUNCTION:

1. Comando utilizado para abortar e/ou para paralizar uma procedure/function. Examplo: RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20010,’MSG DE ERRO’);
2. Comando utilizado para abortar e/ou para paralizar uma procedure/function e concatenar com uma variavel. Examplo : RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20010,’ exibe paramêtro = ‘||TO_CHAR(CODIGO));
3. Comando para verificar se alguma linha foi alterada após alguma operação: Exemplo Após um UPDATE verifico se alguma linha foi alterada e caso negativo faço o INSERT. Linha de comando: (UPDATE;) … IF SQL%ROWCOUNT = 0  THEN …(INSERT;) ;
4. Verificar se um SELECT retornou alguma linha: Exemplo:  … BEGIN (SELECT) EXCEPTION WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN (REGRA) END;